Anatomy of the Respiratory System

1. Nose
2. Nasal Cavity
3. Paranasal sinuses
4. Pharynx

Nose

• External and internal nares = Nostrils
• Nose = vibrissae
• Alar cartilages on the nose
• Paranasal Sinuses

Nasal Cavity

1. Conchae Nasal Cavity

• Superior nasal conchae
• Middle nasal conchae
• Inferior nasal conchae

  2) Meatuses Nasal Cavity

• Superior meatuses
• Middle meatuses
• Inferior meatuses

Paranasal Sinuses

• Named after their bones

• Frontal
• Ethmoid
• Sphenoid
• Maxillary

Pharynx

• Shared psassageway for respiratory and digestive system

1. Nasopharynx – Part above uvula and     posterior to internal nares.
2. Oropharynx – portion visible in mirror when mouth is wide open.
3. Laryngopharynx – Between the hyoid bone & the esophagus.

Lower Respiratory System

1. Larynx
2. Bronchial Tree
3. Lungs
4. Trachea

Larynx

• Larynx, also called the voice box, extends from cervical vertebra 3 to 4 (C3-C6) in front of the laryngopharynx.
• Cartilages of larynx:

• Thyroid cartilage-1
• Epiglottis-1
• Cricoid-1
• Arytenoids-2
• Cuneiform-2
• Corniculate-2

Bronchial Tree

• Tubes that branch off trachea and enter into lungs
• Branches: Primary bronchi-Secondary bronchi-Tertiary bronchi- Brobchioles

Lungs

• Light, soft, spongy
• Conical in shape, apex, base, costal surface, medical surface, hilus. Note various impression
• Right lung

• Three lobes; superior, middle and inferior
• Oblique and horizontal fissure

• Left lung

• Two lobes; superior and inferior also Lingula and Cardiac notch, oblique fissure

Alveoil

• Gas exchanges takes place within the         alveoil in the respiratory membrane.
• Tiny blood capillaries surround     alveoil and allow for simple diffusion of O2 & CO2

Trachea

• Larynx to bronchi
• Consists of smooth cartilage and C shaped rings of cartilage.
• Tracheotomy: cutting of an opening in trachea to allow breathing.

Himani Patel

Smt.S.M.Shah Pharmacy college